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ADA & Universal Design
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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was created as a civil rights law in 1990 and updated by the Justice Department in 2010 for today’s design standards. The Americans with Disability Act (ADA) creates guidelines for individuals that may have a form of disability. ADA & Universal Design reaches across a wide array of platforms from architecture, graphic, and product design to fight against discrimination in the workplace. Creating an all-encompassing world that accepts and acknowledges those with a disability.
However, disabilities can take form in a variety of ways and the ADA aims to assist all those within it. As stated in July.2020 by Upcounsel;
“The ADA defines a physical impairment as a physiological disorder or condition, anatomical loss, or cosmetic disfigurement that impacts one or more of these body systems:
- Neurological
- Special-sense organs
- Musculoskeletal
- Digestive
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Reproductive
- Hemic and Lymphatic
- Endocrine
- Skin
- Genitourinary
The ADA did include examples of covered mental and physical impairments. Some of these impairments include:
- Wheelchair users
- Orthopedia, Speech and Hearing Impairments
- Visual Impairments
- Heart Disease
- Epilepsy
- Cerebral Palsy
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Drug Addiction
- HIV
- SPecific Learning DIsabilities
- Diabetes
- Aging Individuals
- Para/Tetra/Quadriplegics
- Muscular dystrophy”
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So how does this affect Architecture & Design?
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The way we design spaces, both exterior and interior, has a direct effect on the individuals using them. There are three common design principles used; accessible, usable and universal design. They all aim to create spaces and/or products that allow a greater group of individuals to experience them, however, each achieves a different outcome.
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Accessible Design = persons with disabilities are specifically considered within the design process.
Useable Design = the design process focuses on ease and efficiency of use for the general public.
Universal design = ALL people are considered in the design process.
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As stated in 2019 by DO-IT ,“They benefit people with disabilities, parents with baby strollers, delivery workers, and others. Human characteristics considered in universal designs may include age, gender, stature, race/ethnicity, culture, native language and learning preference”.
Watch ARTiculations talk about the concepts behind Accessible & Universal Design here:
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Typical methods used to achieve universal design:
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- Ample floor space for maneuvering
- Door & hallway clearances
- Specific ramp, elevator, stair and handrail design
- Clear wayfinding through signage
- Brail
- Plumbing fixtures & grab bars
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So how does Tiny House living intertwine with accessible design?
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Just like large public spaces, tiny homes need to be accessible for their users. While the square footage is significantly minimized in comparison to regular single-family homes, tiny homes are just as easily made into accessible spaces. Utilizing the multi-functionality that is already so prominent in the tiny house community designers are able to create seamless transitions for their users.
At B&B Micro Manufacturing our designers are able to utilize universal design principles to achieve a unique one of kind space for each client. Here are some tiny home accessible design solutions:
- 5’ turning radius in a common area
- 3’ wide ‘hallways’
- Shorter countertops in height
- Openings under kitchen & bath sinks
- Mechanically raised bed
- Accessible latches & hardware
- Entry Ramp
- Single story living
View our partnership with The Wheel Pad on our website for examples of accessible design at B&B Micro Manufacturing.
See below, two examples of existing universally designed tiny homes for a wheelchair user & aging individual.
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Sources:
ADA.gov
https://www.ada.gov/2010ADAstandards_index.htm
Kate Reggev, Aug.04.20
Megan Schires, June.06.17. Arch Daily
April.20.19. DO-IT
https://www.washington.edu/doit/what-difference-between-accessible-usable-and-universal-design
July.08.20. Upcounsel.
https://www.upcounsel.com/list-of-disabilities-covered-under-ada
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LEARN MORE:
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